Zcash is a privacy-preserving cryptocurrency based on Bitcoin's codebase, adding optional transaction privacy through zero-knowledge proofs (zk-SNARKs). Users can send transactions in 'transparent' mode (visible like Bitcoin) or 'shielded' mode (amounts and addresses encrypted). Zcash was the first large-scale implementation of zero-knowledge proofs in a live blockchain network.
Zcash extends Bitcoin's UTXO model with two address types: transparent (t-addresses, like Bitcoin) and shielded (z-addresses). Shielded transactions use zk-SNARKs to prove transaction validity — that funds exist and the sender has authorization — without revealing sender, receiver, or amount. The Sapling upgrade (2018) dramatically reduced the computing requirements for shielded transactions. A 20% 'Founder's Reward' from mining went to the Electric Coin Company and Zcash Foundation for the first 4 years; subsequent halvings eliminated this. Zcash shares Bitcoin's 21M cap and ~4-year halving schedule.
Transparent blockchains like Bitcoin expose all transaction details publicly — amounts, addresses, and transaction history. This undermines financial privacy for individuals, businesses, and institutions that need confidential transactions. Zcash provides cryptographically strong, optional privacy using zk-SNARKs, allowing users to choose transparency or full privacy per transaction.
The first blockchain to implement zk-SNARKs (zero-knowledge proofs) at production scale, providing cryptographically provable transaction privacy where amounts and addresses are encrypted while validity remains verifiable.
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Supply figures and project details are approximate and may not reflect the latest changes. Always verify from official sources before making decisions. This information is for educational purposes only — not financial advice.