Ethereum is a programmable blockchain that enables developers to build and deploy decentralized applications (dApps) and smart contracts. It serves as the foundational infrastructure for DeFi, NFTs, DAOs, and Web3 applications. ETH is used to pay for computation (gas) on the network.
Ethereum uses Proof of Stake where validators lock up (stake) 32 ETH to participate in block production and attestation. Transactions are grouped into blocks by a randomly selected validator, then attested by a committee. The EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) executes smart contract bytecode in a deterministic, sandboxed environment. Since EIP-1559, a base fee is burned with each transaction, making ETH deflationary under high network usage. Layer 2 rollups (Optimism, Arbitrum, zkSync) handle computation off-chain and post proofs to Ethereum for security.
Ethereum introduced general-purpose programmability to blockchain, enabling trustless agreements and applications without intermediaries. It solves the need for a decentralized world computer where code runs exactly as written, immune to censorship or third-party interference. Its large developer ecosystem and network effects make it the default settlement layer for decentralized finance.
The largest and most battle-tested smart contract platform with the deepest developer ecosystem, highest DeFi TVL, and the dominant standard for tokenization (ERC-20/ERC-721).
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Supply figures and project details are approximate and may not reflect the latest changes. Always verify from official sources before making decisions. This information is for educational purposes only — not financial advice.