Arbitrum

ARB

Ethereum Layer 2Launched 2023

Max Supply

10.00B

Circulating

6.04B

Launched

2023

Minute-Level Data From

2023-04-20

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What it does

ARB is the governance token of the Arbitrum ecosystem, the largest Ethereum Layer 2 rollup by TVL ($15.5B+ on Arbitrum One). Arbitrum uses optimistic rollup technology to provide fast, cheap Ethereum transactions while settling on Ethereum mainnet for security. ARB holders govern the Arbitrum DAO, controlling the Arbitrum One and Arbitrum Nova chains and a substantial DAO treasury.

How it works

Arbitrum One is an optimistic rollup where transactions are executed off-chain by a sequencer, and the resulting state is posted to Ethereum. A 7-day challenge period allows fraud proofs to be submitted if the sequencer cheats. Arbitrum's Nitro upgrade improved throughput to ~40,000 TPS equivalent. Arbitrum Nova uses AnyTrust technology for even lower fees by using a Data Availability Committee instead of posting all data to Ethereum. The Arbitrum DAO governs both chains, controls the treasury, and manages technical upgrades. Many major DeFi protocols (Uniswap, Aave, GMX, Pendle) deploy on Arbitrum, making it a DeFi hub.

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Problem it solves

Ethereum mainnet is too expensive for frequent DeFi interactions — swapping tokens, providing liquidity, or managing positions costs $10-100+ in gas fees. Arbitrum reduces fees by 10-50x while maintaining Ethereum security through fraud proofs. Its broad DeFi deployment makes it the most liquid L2 environment for complex multi-step DeFi strategies.

Key Differentiator

The largest Ethereum L2 by TVL ($15.5B+), with the most active DeFi ecosystem among all rollups — benefiting from Arbitrum Orbit enabling custom L3 chains to pay fees to Arbitrum, creating a growing network of chains settling on Arbitrum.

Tokenomics

Supply Model

Fixed (10B max supply; releasing via vesting schedule; no protocol inflation)

Staking

No direct ARB staking; governance participation through token holding and delegation

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Ecosystem

Chain: Arbitrum One and Arbitrum Nova (Ethereum optimistic rollup L2s)

Depends on: Ethereum mainnet security, Arbitrum Nitro/Stylus development, DeFi TVL on Arbitrum, Arbitrum Orbit (custom L3 chains)

Influences: Ethereum L2 ecosystem competition, DeFi TVL distribution across rollups, sequencer revenue

Similar Projects

OptimismOP

Both are Ethereum optimistic rollup L2s with governance tokens; Arbitrum leads in TVL while Optimism leads in L2 infrastructure (OP Stack Superchain)

PolygonPOL

Both scale Ethereum; Polygon uses ZK-proofs on its own chains while Arbitrum uses optimistic rollups settling on Ethereum

Sources

Official Site Whitepaper CoinMarketCap

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Supply figures and project details are approximate and may not reflect the latest changes. Always verify from official sources before making decisions. This information is for educational purposes only — not financial advice.